Mahmud Gawan Administration

Administration

 

Mahmud Gawan Madarsa (Collage)

Though the Bahamani Sultans were generally busy in the battles, they organised a system of administration to suit their times. They were fortunate in deed to have the service of Mohammad Gawan as Prime Minister He was not only an able warrior but also a good administrator.

 

In fact the administrative set up made by Gawan was something better then they found it earlier. The kingdom was divided into eight provinces Viz. Gulburga, Bijapur, Daulatabad, Warangal, Rajamahendri, Mahore, Garnlla, Junar. The provincial governers were called Tarafdars. Land Tax was revised from time to time. Mohammad Gavan introduced revenue collection based on the extent and fertility of the land owned.

He introduced several reforms in administration and created many new portfolios.

 

 

The important are as follows:

 

1. Vakil                                  (Chief Minister)

 

2. Vazir                                 (Finance Minister)

 

3. Sadar Jahan                     (Law Minister)

 

4. Sahib Arz                          (Commander)

 

5. Dabir                 (Administrative Secretary)

 

6. Nazir                           (Finance Secretary)

 

7. Nazim-1-Hisabat                  (Accountant)

 

8. Diwan damdar           (Incharge of Minting)

 

9. Hazi-ul-Thasba                                (Police) 

10. Chastanagir   (Incharge of Royal Kitchen)

 

 

All these were of great help to Gawan in matters of administration He re-organised the provincial administration and divided the kingdom into eight divisions. Capable, honest and efficient men were appointed as provincial administrators the following were the provincial Administrators.

 

1. Tarafdar                              (Governor)

 

2. Asif                                      (Divisional Commissioner)

 

3. Jagirdar                                    (Palaigar)

4. Khiledar     (Petty Provincial Administrator)

 

5. Desai                                 (Hindu Jagirdar)

 

6. Sir Desai                            (Hindu Jagirdar)

 

7. Kotwal                                  (Urban Officer)

 

8. Magdum                          (Village Headman)

 

 

 

Literature

 

Feroz Shah himself was a poet and an artist. His court was adored with scholars like Usuf Uddin, Syed Garzumi) A special observatory was set up at Devagiri for the famous astronomer Hasan Gilani the Deccani Urdu style became popular during this period. The famous books

of the period are as follows:

 

Author                                               Work

Isami :-                                        Futu-us-Sulatin

 

Feroz Shah :-                                 Shairi (poem)

 

Adari :-                                  Bahamani-i-Nama

 

Muhammad Gawan :-         ( Manzir-ul-in Shah, Riyaz-ul-in- Shah, Diwan-e-Ashar etc.)

 

Bande Nawaz (Saint):-   Shikar Nama, Nirazil Ashikar (105 books)

 

Muhammad Damamini:-      Mun Hulus Safi (Grammar)

 

Syed Yusuf :-             Tauji Hul Kalam ; Ilmil Ibra

 

Abdul Kareem :-       Masir-i-Muhammad Shahi

 

Art and Architecture (Saracenic Style)

 

The early first two capitals of the Bahamani kingdom viz. Gulburga dnd Bidar-forts, palaces, mosques and mausoleums were built. The style of this period is called saracenic style. High arches and domes are the Special features of this art; the fort at Gulburga was built during the Period of Allauddin I.

 This is nearly 3 km long It has two walls, and is nearly 5 feet thick. The palace inside the fort is now in ruins.

 Rafi Kwajik of Iran who, built this was the chief architect in the court of Muhammad I (1367).(There are the mausoleums of three saints and four Sultans at Gulburga, and together they are called Sath Gumbaz or Haft

Gumbaz) Their walls (of the smaller Gumbaz) art highly ornamental.

The most famous of them is Bande Nawaz Darga of a Sufi saint.

At Bidar, the second capital, a better type of art i1S seen. Its art and Architecture are wel1-known.(The Bidar fort) the Janana Mahal (harem),

Takt Mahal (Raj Bhavan), the Rangeen Mahal (Dancing Hal), Dewan Khane (Cabinet Hall), Zami Masjid and Bara Gumbaz (12 tombs) are important. These are all constructed in the Indian and Saracenic style.

The 'solaremb mosque' (The sixteen pillared mosque) is quite picturesque. The palace had all amenities like fountains, bath rooms and Pools. Their ruins are still to be seen even today.

 

Zami Masjid, Gulburga Fort

 Bidari Art

Hema Narayanan

Read more at: https://www.deccanherald.com/content/464496/black-metal-magic.html

An alloyed metallic art began during the time of Muhammad Gawan.

The experts of alloy, invited from Persia made this style quite popular.

Jugs, plates and cups were made from an alloy of zinc and black metal and upon them were engraved in silver creepers and flowers, idols (for Hindus) and lines Torm the Quran (for Muslims). The silver lining was called Technician Elevated lining was called Jarnishan' In this art episodes selected rom Umar Khayyam's book Rubaiat have been beautifully carved.

These workers are hereditary artists. Most of these Artists were Muslims, yet they patronized Hindu art also Hence one can see in them the fraternity Between the Hindus and the Muslims. Even today this Bidari art is a source of foreign exchange to Our country.